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@@ -73,19 +73,47 @@ All these criteria are heavily intertwined, so for the purposes of this thesis,
\subsection{Onboarding of new users}
The onboarding process is a permanent challenge for online communities. The onboarding process differs from one platform to another. \citeauthor{slag2015one} \etal investigated why many users on StackOverflow only post once after their registration \cite{slag2015one}. They found that 47\% of all users on StackOverflow posted only once. They suggest that code example quatilty is lower than that of more involved users, which often leads to answers to first improve the question and code instead of answering the stated question. This likely discorages new users from using the site further. Negative feedback instead of constructive feedback is another cause for discontinuation of usage. The StackOverflow staff also conducted their own research on negative feedback of the community \cite{silge2019welcome}. They investigated the comment sections of questions by recruting their staff members to rate a set of comments and they found more than 7\% of the reviewed comments are unwelcoming.
One-day-flies are not unique to StackOverflow. \citeauthor{steinmacher2015social} \etal investigated the social barriers newcomers face when they submit their first contribution to an open source software project \cite{steinmacher2015social}. They based their work on empirical data and interviews and identified serveral social barriers preventing newcomers to place their first contribution to a project. Furthermore, newcomers are often on their own in open source projects hindering them. \citeauthor{yazdanian2019eliciting} \etal found that new contributors on Wikipedia face challanges when editing articles. Wikipedia hosts millions of articles \cite{} %TODO
and new contributors often do not know which articles they could edit and improve. Recommender systems can solve this problem by suggesting articles to edit but they suffer from the cold start problem because they rely on past user activty which is missing for new contributors. \citeauthor{yazdanian2019eliciting} \etal proposed a solution by establishing a framework which automatically creates questionaires to fill this gap. This also helps matching new contributors with more experienced contributors.
\citeauthor{allen2006organizational} showed that the one-time-contributers phenomenon also translates to work places and organizations \cite{allen2006organizational}. They found out that socialization with other members of an organization plays an important role in turnover. The better the socialization within the organization the less likely newcomers are to leave. The socialization process has to be actively persued by the organization.
The StackOverflow team acknowledged the one-time-contributors problem \cite{silge2019welcome, hanlon2019stack} and took efforts to make the site more welcoming to new users \cite{friend2018rolling}. They lied out various reasons: Firstly, They send mixed messages whether the site is an expert site or for everyone.
Secondly, they gave to little guidance to new users which resulted in unwelcoming behavior of more integrated users towards the new users. New users do not know all the rules and nuances of communitcation of the communities. An example is that ''Please`` and ''Thank you`` is not well received on the site as they are deemed unneccessary. Also the quality, clearlyness and language quality of the questions of new users is lower than more experienced users which leads to unwelcoming or even toxic answers and comments. Moreover, users who gained moderation tool access could close questions with predefined reasons which are often not meaningful enough for poster of the qustion\cite{hanlon2013war}. Thirdly, marginalized groups, for instance women and people of color \cite{hanlon2019stack, stackoversurvey2019, ford2016paradise}, are more likely to drop out of the community due to unwelcoming behavior from other users \cite{hanlon2019stack}. They feel the site is a elitist and hostile place. The team suggested several steps to mitigate these problems. Some of these steps include apelling to the users to be more welcoming and forgiving towards new users \cite{spolsky2012kicking, } %TODO
, other steps are geared towards changes to the platfrom itself: The ''Be nice`` policy (code of conduct) was updated with feedback from the community \cite{jaydles2014the}. %...
% DONE One-day flies on StackOverflow \cite{slag2015one}, 1 contribution during whole registration, only user with 6 month of registration
% Eliciting New Wikipedia Users’ Interests via Automatically Mined Questionnaires: For a Warm Welcome, Not a Cold Start \cite{yazdanian2019eliciting}, cold start recommender system problem for recommending newcommers arictles to read and get a feeling for how to write articles; similar to SO because new commers
% DONE Eliciting New Wikipedia Users’ Interests via Automatically Mined Questionnaires: For a Warm Welcome, Not a Cold Start \cite{yazdanian2019eliciting}, cold start recommender system problem for recommending newcommers arictles to read and get a feeling for how to write articles; similar to SO because new commers
% newcomers socialization, experienced users as models/mentors, positive feedback to newcomers
% Do organizational socialization tactics influence newcomer embeddedness and turnover? \cite{allen2006organizational} #newcommers to organizations, actively embedding newcomers into organization, shows connection between socialaization and turnover (leaving the organization)
% DONE Do organizational socialization tactics influence newcomer embeddedness and turnover? \cite{allen2006organizational} #newcommers to organizations, actively embedding newcomers into organization, shows connection between socialaization and turnover (leaving the organization)
% We Don't Do That Here: How Collaborative Editing with Mentors Improves Engagement in Social Q\&A Communities \cite{ford2018we} # mentoring new commers questions (before posting), 1 month experiment, collaborative experiment with stackoverflow team, novices got a choice upon submitting a question whether or not the want feedback from a mentor regaurding the question, if so redirect to help room where mentor reviews question and suggests changes to question, mentored questions significatly better than non-mentored ones, higher scores fewer offtopic or poor questions, novices more comfortable with mentor reviewed questions
% Stack Overflow Isn't Very Welcoming: It's Time for That to Change \cite{hanlon2019stack} # passt sehr gut in die story, effort to make site more welcoming, marginalized group feel SO is a hostile and elitist place, new coders, women, people of color, etc, admitting of problem that have not been addressed (enough), mixed messages (expert site or for everyone), to little guidance for new users, pecking on new users who dont know all little things on what (not) to do (no plz and thx, low quality question -> low qualtity answer -> comments about support for low quality) or bad english, previous attempts to improve welcoming, Summer of Love (https://stackoverflow.blog/2012/07/20/kicking-off-the-summer-of-love/), The War of the Closes (https://stackoverflow.blog/2013/06/25/the-war-of-the-closes/), The NEW new “Be Nice” Policy (“Code of Conduct”) — Updated with your feedback (https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/240839/the-new-new-be-nice-policy-code-of-conduct-updated-with-your-feedback), Mentorship Research Project - Results + Wrap-Up (https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/357198/mentorship-research-project-results-wrap-up?noredirect=1&lq=1) TODO also refer paper about that here, removal condesting and sarcastic comments, ideas about beginner ask page (TODO already implemted?), dont judge users for not knowing things (e.g. posting duplicates)
% DONE Welcome Wagon: Classifying Comments on Stack Overflow \cite{silge2019welcome} #all about comments, effort to make site more welcoming, staff internal rating of comments (fine, unwelcoming, abusive, 57 raters, 13742 ratings, 3992 comments)
% Social Barriers Faced by Newcomers Placing Their First Contribution in Open Source Software Projects\cite{steinmacher2015social} onboarding in open source software projects, difficulties for newcomers, newcommers often on their own, barriers when 1st contributing to a project,
% DONE Social Barriers Faced by Newcomers Placing Their First Contribution in Open Source Software Projects\cite{steinmacher2015social} onboarding in open source software projects, difficulties for newcomers, newcommers often on their own, barriers when 1st contributing to a project,
% Rolling out the Welcome Wagon: June Update \cite{friend2018rolling} “Ask a Question Wizard” prototype, reduce exclusion (negative feelings, expectations and experiences), improve inclusion (learn from other communities facing similar problems), classification of abusive and unwelcoming comments
%discrimitation
% Paradise Unplugged: Identifying Barriers for Female Participation on Stack Overflow \cite{ford2016paradise} gender gap, females only 5\%, contribution barriers, found 5 gender specific (women) barriers among 14 barrier in total, barriers also affect groups like industry programmers
% Community-based production of open-source software: What do we know about the developers who participate? \cite{david2008community} only 5% women contribute to OSS
% https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019: 7.9% women, increase since 2015: 5.8% \cite{stackoversurvey2019}
% Gender, Representation and Online Participation: A Quantitative Study \cite{vasilescu2014gender} investigation on minorities (eg women), under representation of minorities
% Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. \cite{hill2010so} women only 20 percent of bachelor degrees
% Women and science careers: leaky pipeline or gender filter? \cite{clark2005women} underrepresentation in STEM
% Stack Overflow Isn't Very Welcoming: It's Time for That to Change \cite{hanlon2019stack} # passt sehr gut in die story, effort to make site more welcoming, marginalized group feel SO is a hostile and elitist place, new coders, women, people of color, etc, admitting of problem that have not been addressed (enough), mixed messages (expert site or for everyone), to little guidance for new users, pecking on new users who dont know all little things on what (not) to do (no plz and thx, low quality question -> low qualtity answer -> comments about support for low quality) or bad english, previous attempts to improve welcoming, Summer of Love (https://stackoverflow.blog/2012/07/20/kicking-off-the-summer-of-love/), The War of the Closes (https://stackoverflow.blog/2013/06/25/the-war-of-the-closes/), The NEW new “Be Nice” Policy (“Code of Conduct”) — Updated with your feedback (https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/240839/the-new-new-be-nice-policy-code-of-conduct-updated-with-your-feedback), Mentorship Research Project - Results + Wrap-Up (https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/357198/mentorship-research-project-results-wrap-up?noredirect=1&lq=1) TODO also refer paper about that here, removal condesting and sarcastic comments, ideas about beginner ask page (TODO already implemted?), dont judge users for not knowing things (e.g. posting duplicates)
\subsection{Keeping users engaged, contributing and well behaved}
@@ -99,17 +127,6 @@ The onboarding process is a permanent challenge for online communities. The onbo
%discrimitation
% Paradise Unplugged: Identifying Barriers for Female Participation on Stack Overflow \cite{ford2016paradise} gender gap, females only 5\%, contribution barriers, found 5 gender specific (women) barriers among 14 barrier in total, barriers also affect groups like industry programmers
% Community-based production of open-source software: What do we know about the developers who participate? \cite{david2008community} only 5% women contribute to OSS
% https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019: 7.9% women, increase since 2015: 5.8%
% Gender, Representation and Online Participation: A Quantitative Study \cite{vasilescu2014gender} investigation on minorities (eg women), under representation of minorities
% Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. \cite{hill2010so} women only 20 percent of bachelor degrees
% Women and science careers: leaky pipeline or gender filter? \cite{clark2005women} underrepresentation in STEM
% Stack Overflow Isn't Very Welcoming: It's Time for That to Change \cite{hanlon2019stack} # passt sehr gut in die story, effort to make site more welcoming, marginalized group feel SO is a hostile and elitist place, new coders, women, people of color, etc, admitting of problem that have not been addressed (enough), mixed messages (expert site or for everyone), to little guidance for new users, pecking on new users who dont know all little things on what (not) to do (no plz and thx, low quality question -> low qualtity answer -> comments about support for low quality) or bad english, previous attempts to improve welcoming, Summer of Love (https://stackoverflow.blog/2012/07/20/kicking-off-the-summer-of-love/), The War of the Closes (https://stackoverflow.blog/2013/06/25/the-war-of-the-closes/), The NEW new “Be Nice” Policy (“Code of Conduct”) — Updated with your feedback (https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/240839/the-new-new-be-nice-policy-code-of-conduct-updated-with-your-feedback), Mentorship Research Project - Results + Wrap-Up (https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/357198/mentorship-research-project-results-wrap-up?noredirect=1&lq=1) TODO also refer paper about that here, removal condesting and sarcastic comments, ideas about beginner ask page (TODO already implemted?), dont judge users for not knowing things (e.g. posting duplicates)
% badge
% One Size Does Not Fit All: Badge Behavior in Q\&A Sites \cite{yanovsky2019one} # all abount badges, steering users, motivation; previous paper say that contribution increases before badge obtaining and decrases afterwards, but they find it depends on type of user: 1) users are not affected by badge system but still contribute much, 2) contribution increase ans stays the same after badge achievement 3) return to previous levels
% Can gamification motivate voluntary contributions? The case of StackOverflow Q&A community \cite{cavusoglu2015can} stimulting users to contribute via badges

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text/bib.bib
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@@ -203,6 +203,30 @@
journal={\url{https://stackoverflow.com/help/whats-meta/}},
year={}
}
@article{stackoversurvey2019,
title={Developer Survey Results 2019},
author={},
journal={\url{https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019}},
year={2019}
}
@article{hanlon2013war,
title={The War of the Closes},
author={Hanlon, Jay},
journal={\url{https://stackoverflow.blog/2013/06/25/the-war-of-the-closes/}},
year={2013}
}
@article{spolsky2012kicking,
title={Kicking off the Summer of Love},
author={Spolsky, Joel},
journal={\url{https://stackoverflow.blog/2012/07/20/kicking-off-the-summer-of-love/}},
year={2012}
}
@article{jaydles2014the,
title={The NEW new “Be Nice” Policy (“Code of Conduct”) — Updated with your feedback [duplicate]},
author={Jaydles},
journal={\url{https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/240839/the-new-new-be-nice-policy-code-of-conduct-updated-with-your-feedback}},
year={2014}
}
@inproceedings{yanovsky2019one,
title={One Size Does Not Fit All: Badge Behavior in Q\&A Sites},
author={Yanovsky, Stav and Hoernle, Nicholas and Lev, Omer and Gal, Kobi},